The most commonly used 35 kinds of psychological effects of Collection

1, Wallach effect

Otto Wallach is a Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, and his highly successful process legendary. Wallach at the beginning of high school, the parents chose for him a literary way, but, one semester down, teachers, he wrote such a remark: "Wallach very hard. The excessive formality, it is difficult to create literary talents . "Since then, the parents make him switched to painting, can not be good at composition Wallach, without embellishment, last first class results. The face of such "awkward" students, most of the teachers that he taught no hope, only the chemistry teacher that the meticulous work, with good quality of chemical experiment, suggested that he study chemistry, that a sudden spark of wisdom under Wallach, were set on fire , and eventually succeeded. Wallach, The success of such a truth: students cognitive development is not balanced, there is wisdom, strengths and weaknesses, once they find the best point play to their wisdom, so that intelligent brought into full play, you will have amazing. After the phenomenon known as "Wallach effect."



2, threshold effect

The so-called threshold effect, means a person to accept a lower level of the request, appropriate guidance and often will gradually accept the higher level requirements. The effect is the U.S. social psychologist Milton Friedman and the Fraser in 1966, do not succumb to pressure: Gordon threshold technique proposed in field experiments.



3, symbiotic effect

There is a phenomenon of nature: When a plant when grown alone, seem small, monotonous, but with many similar plants grow together, then take root, vitality. People in the vegetable kingdom of this mutual influence, mutual promotion of the phenomenon, known as "symbiotic effect." In fact, we human groups also exist "symbiotic effect." British "Cady text laboratory" from 1901 to 1982 has appeared in 25 Nobel Prize winners, is the "symbiotic effect" an outstanding classic.



4, rigid effect

Social Psychology, believes that with the old vision of a human being becomes the kind of impact known as the "rigid effect." It is the people's view of a fixed and general, thereby creating a stereotype. In the schools often can be seen this phenomenon, teachers who are innately intelligent, outstanding academic achievement of students, often showing his face look like, and by the esteem and favor. The talented stupid, poor academic performance are often discriminated against students, teachers showed impatience, tired of the emotions, words often mention frustrating. Practice has proved that often this "treatment" of students, would feel a cold water hosing, the loss of learning confidence, lost the courage to overcome difficulties, as well as create decadent mood.



5, the first effect

First effect is sometimes referred to as the role of first impression, referring to the perception of an object to the perception of first impression left by the impact of the role of social perception. Specifically, the initial contact with the people or things, in the psychological person or something with a powerful set of emotional factors, which affect the person or the matter after the evaluation. Therefore, we can see that the correct decision-making in the collection of intelligence analysis, this effect is negative. Whether it is good or bad first impression is one-sided and not conducive to a comprehensive understanding and analysis.



The first impression on the impact of known first effect. According to the first impressions to evaluate a person's good or bad, tend to be biased. If the Common Recruitment Examination and study the performance when the employee relies on first impression, will be deceived by certain appearances.



First effect mainly in the recruitment process there are two aspects: First, Yimaoquren. On the handsome, quiet demeanor of the candidates likely to win the goodwill of examiners, or by taking a person made, those eloquent, fluent, very often give a good impression. Therefore, in selecting talented people, they need to listen to his words and watch his appearance, but also hear his line, and test its Ji.



6, recency effect

Recency effect refers to someone or something short-term performance of an advantage in their minds, thus changing the person, or a consistent view of the matter. Recency effect and the first effect is the corresponding two kinds of effects. First effect is generally more familiar with the case of an impact, while the recency effect is generally more familiar with the case of an impact. Both pairs of people or things one-sided understanding of the subjective assumptions, makes the decision-making information distortion.



7, halo effect (halo effect)

Halo effect refers to someone or something because of its prominent features left a deep impression at the expense of other psychological and behavioral qualities. Sometimes it will have a "positive affirmation of the halo," sometimes a "negative negative halo", which would interfere with the evaluation of information, it is necessary to overcome the halo effect we must insist on objective, non-doped subjective.



8, the butterfly effect

In 1960, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Lorenz study "long-term weather forecasting" issue, there have been difficult problems: she on the computer simulation using a set of data to simplify the evolution of the weather, originally wanted to use the computer's high-speed operation to increase the accuracy of weather forecasts. However, contrary to expectations, multiple calculations show that very small differences in initial conditions will lead to wrong conclusions. Psychological and emotional, too, there is a group of cartoon shows a man in the unit to be led and trained meal, felt very angry, washed his wife launched a temper to go home, the wife was no gun training, and very angry, they Shuaimen away . Walking in the street, an avenue pet dog stopped, "bark" howl, the wife is more angry啦, they kicked the past, the dog being kicked, passing an old man before the mad rush to the elderly startled. It so happened that the old man had heart disease, were suddenly out of a scared puppy, on the spot a heart attack, died.



Lorentz found a huge gap caused by small differences, she uses a vivid metaphor to express this discovery, a small butterfly wings in Brazil over the vibration, it stirred up a small whirlpool with other flow convergence, may be a months later, the United States, Texas, will cause a storm - this is the Chaos Theory in the famous "butterfly effect."



In human resources management, personnel management workers, psychological effects, if flexible use of personnel, will be able to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of subordinates or personnel, so that their talent before they do their best, so that optimal performance of work.



9, Rosenthal effect

Rosenthal, an American psychologist, examined the school, randomly draw three students from the class a total of 18 people to write on a form, to the principal, very seriously, said: "This is 18 students to a scientific determination of the high IQ . "matter over six months, Roche went to school, they found that the performance of 18 students is indeed extraordinary.



Rosenthal effect in resonance with the hope of psychological phenomena. Applied to personnel management, requires the leadership of subordinates to put the feelings of hope and a special induction, so that subordinates can play to their initiative and creativity. Such as leadership in a particular assigned task, may wish to subordinates, said: "I believe you will be able to run," "I think early to hear the news of your success." This will be under the direction towards you hoping that the development of talents Just looking forward to being able to generate.



10, Bell effect

British scholar Bell gifted high, it was said that he graduated to look at crystals and biochemistry, will win the Nobel Prize several times. But he was willing to take another path, to a ground-breaking issue a proposed guide others boarded the heights of science, this is known as Bell effect.

Bell effect require a leader with the Bole spirit and the spirit of a human ladder to the unit and the collective first, identify what is it, let go with it, dare to be selected and appointed the ability of people better than they are actively creating opportunities for talented subordinates.



11, Catfish Effect

In the past, Norwegian sardines were caught at sea, if that can make them alive, arrived at selling price would be several times higher than that of dead fish, but only one fishing boat back to Hong Kong can do with fish. Later, it was discovered that the boat the fish tank is only just over a catfish. When the original loaded catfish fish tank, due to an unfamiliar environment, they will swim around, while the sardine found that the "alien", the will to accelerate due to tight swimming. In this way, we should extend the life of sardines. This is the "catfish effect."



Effects of the use of catfish, through the individual's "half-way intervention", the group played a competitive role, it is consistent with the operational mechanism of talent management. At present, some institutions units practiced openly recruited and competition for posts, is a good classic. This method can engender a sense of crisis in order to better work.



　12, tidal effects

Sea water due to gravity and filled with objects, the gravitational wave appeared large, gravity appeared small neap tide. This is tidal effects. The relationship between human resources and social times as well. Social needs of people, times call for talent, talent thus arose. For a flat run, by regulating the treatment of talent in order to achieve the reasonable allocation of human resources, thereby increasing the attraction of talent in this unit. At present, many well-known companies have put forward such a concept of human resource management: The treatment of appealing to the feelings of people rally to the cause of inspiring.





13, card effect

There is a job young people, recruited a few units have been shut out, very frustrating. Finally, he recruited a company holding a glimmer of hope that, before that, he first inquire about the history of the company's veterans, through understanding, he found that the company CEOs did have similar experiences with their own, so if he were treasures, in the candidates When he talked about his job with the CEOs managers, as well as their own gifted and frustrated anger, and sure enough, it's words won the appreciation and sympathy for CEOs and eventually he was hired as business manager. This is known as card effect. That is two people in contact, if at the outset that their own attitudes and values with each other the same, it will make the other feel that you have more similarities with him, thus quickly reduce the psychological distance with you and more willing to you are close to forming good relationships. Here, there is awareness, there is the destination to the other side of that attitude and perspective as business cards, like to introduce you to the other side.



Appropriate use of "psychology cards" as soon as possible to promote interpersonal relationships, but to make "psychological card" to play its due role, first of all, we should be good to catch each other's information, grasp the true attitude, looking for positive, you acceptable point of view, "production" an effective "psychological card." Second, the search for opportunity, just right to the other side "present" your "psychological card", so that you can achieve our goals. Master the "mental card" and applied arts, for the memory of dealing with interpersonal relationships has great practical value.



　14, opposite effects

Ms. Lee is a public relations manager of a company. Her contact is quite broad, apprenticeship win for the company set an illustrious military exploits. The company's acute shortage of raw materials, materials Section comrades everywhere, but repeatedly rebuffed, but Ms. Lee out contact, and soon the problem will be solved. A serious failure of the company's funds flow in urgent need of loans, anxious, general manager of the ants like the same wok. Ms. Lee also is a busy schedule, traveling between the bank deal, went so far as access to credit over a million. Ms. Lee led discouraged and therefore is subject to, wages, bonuses, plus one plus. Ms. Lee was trying to sum up the secret of success and found her apart from being a sober-minded, agile eloquence, rich knowledge and experience, Jiewu treat people outside of a flexible, and her dignified appearance, creating tranquility amongst the instrument also has a great relationship.



In daily life, we often see men and women received a salesperson customers, generally more enthusiastic than the reception male customers. The main reasons for the success of Ms. Lee is: today's society still accounts for a large advantage of a male society, and men going out to deal with most things, by a woman came forward more smoothly, and this is the psychology, the so-called? quot; opposite effect. "This phenomenon is based on attracting the opposite sex based on the phase. People tend to be more interested in the opposite sex, especially pleasing appearance, and conversation propriety of the opposite sex interested in this woman is no exception just so obvious to women than men. sometimes in order to cause attention of the opposite sex, men also particularly like to express themselves in the face of the female, which is "opposite effect" at work. However, "opposite effect" can not be abused. women look beautiful, agreeable like, if coupled with appropriate contacts, in front of the opposite sex things easy, this is normal; the other hand, if the order to achieve a certain purpose, with the hue to it immoral to induce people to a. male pairs of the opposite sex, especially the young and beautiful sex more enthusiastic, more polite is also beyond reproach, but to the opposite sex as a stimulus, the magical people feel Indecent "would exceed the limit, so the contact with the opposite sex to take this" degree. "



　15, the duty to spread effect

At 15:20 on March 13, 1964, outside an apartment in New York before a call Juno than the white bar at the end of young women working the way home was assassinated. When she cries in despair: "Some people want to kill啦! For help! For help!" Heard shouting nearby residents lit the lamp, opened the window, the attackers run away in terror. When everything is calm, the killer returned to commit crimes. When she cries again when the household has opened near the lights, the attackers then ran away. When she considered to have nothing to do, to return to their home upstairs, the killer once again appeared before her, kill her on the staircase. In this process, even though she cried for help; her neighbors in at least 38-bit to the window watching, but no one to rescue her, or even no one to call the police. When this caused a sensation in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social workers, psychology, and thinking. People have such a large number of spectators neglecting the effects of the phenomenon known as the duty to spread.



For the responsibility of the reasons for the formation of scattered effects, psychologists conducted a large number of experiments and surveys found that: this phenomenon can not simply say that everybody's callous, or moral turpitude increasing performance. Since on various occasions, people's acts of assistance that is really different. When a person is faced with an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, and to the victims to help. If he do nothing about them will have feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires paying a very high psychological costs. And if the presence of so many people to help seekers of responsibility by everyone to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, each person sharing the responsibility of little bystander or may not even his own sense of responsibility that one can not, resulting in a kind of "I do not rescue, rescue by someone else" mentality, resulting in "collective indifference" situation. How to break this situation, it is psychologists an important topic being studied.



16, Jensen effect

One player called Jason, usually well-trained, strong, but the sports arena has repeatedly lost. People usually like to take this to the kind of good performance, but because of lack of proper psychological qualities which led to the phenomenon of the failure of the arena known as the Jensen effect.



In daily life, some among the best, force strong "and" stadium mistake "The only explanation can only be between the psychological problems, mainly due to gains and losses become too heavy and lack self-confidence caused. Some people usually" numerous record ", Zoran outstanding, Zhongxingpengyue, creating a mind-set: can not afford to fail, together with the particularity of venue, society, nation, family expectations, etc., making it worry about the outcome of the psychological intensification of the psychological burden too heavy, advantages and disadvantages such a strong psychological distress themselves, how can the desired level of play it! On the other hand is the lack of self-confidence, resulting in stage fright psychology, tied his own potentials.



How do I get out, "Jensen effect" of the vicious circle it? First, we must understand that the "stadium" aims to overcome the fear of venue is not terrible, but formal than usual, somewhat. Secondly, we must calmly out of the shadow of the narrow life ever after, not lust for success, but only to play their normal level. Stadium is a high-level-level contests, but also the quality of the contest is usually more psychological, "he had considered quitting the brave victory", as long as the foster self-confidence, a hard bound to have a harvest. Will eventually deliver a satisfactory answer.



　17, "sour grapes" psychological and "sweet lemon" psychological

"Sour Grapes" psychological means be deprived of their own efforts to do things that say that they are "sour", and is not good, this approach can alleviate some of our stress. For example: other people, like a good thing, I did not, I want to, but actually impossible for me to be. At this time may wish to use "sour grapes" mentality in mind trying to find something like a bad place, say something like, "ill", to overcome their irrational demands.



, "Sweet lemon" psychology is that their lemon is sweet, "sweet lemon" refers to rid themselves of all the things that are good, we must learn to accept themselves. Everyone has their own advantages, has its own advantages, each also have their own characteristics, do not easily say that they that bad, it had better be, you might try the "sweet lemon" Psychologists will accept their own, and gradually increase self-confidence.



18, "southerly effect"

French writer La Fontaine had written a fable and the northerly and southerly than the power of pedestrians to see who can take off their coats. First, a cold north wind to bone-chilling cold, stern, the results of pedestrians in order to resist the invasion of the north wind, he gave the coat wrapped tightly. South wind is blowing slowly, suddenly bright and sunny, a pedestrian because we feel that is warm, it began to unlock the buttons, and then took off his coat. The results are evident, southerly win. This is the "southerly effect" that the origin of the concept of social psychology.



"South effect" to the people's enlightenment: in dealing with interpersonal relations, paying particular attention to pay attention to methods. Northerly and southerly took off his coat to be the pedestrians, but method is not the same results to differ materially. For example: Some students together with you when the ferocious very strong, once, twice may be because you are ferocious, to others a strong upper hand, but soon you will find that you have lost a friend. We can also see that in contradiction with others, do not give way, in the end is often lose-lose, learn to think if the "South" The two good talk calmly, whether the results will be much better then



　19, the Barnum effect psychology

A friend once asked me what the world's most difficult. I said the most difficult to make money, he shook his head. Goldbach's conjecture? He shook his head. I said I give up, you tell me. He shrouded in mystery that is to recognize yourself. Indeed, those rich in ideas philosophers also say.

Who am I and I come from, but also where to go, these problems starting with ancient Greece, people began to ask myself, however, did not yield satisfactory results.

However, even so, people never stopped the pursuit of self.

Because of this, people often lost in the self among the information vulnerable to hint around, and the words and deeds of others as a reference for their actions, herd mentality is typical of proof.

In fact, people all the time in their lives are not influenced by others, or implied. For example, on the bus, you will find such a phenomenon: a man Zhang Dazui yawned, there will be a few people around him could not help playing the yawn. Some people do not yawn because they are subject to implied is not strong. What people were suggestive that? Through a simple test to detect.

Reach out to a level of hands palm upward, close their eyes. Told him that now he's left all on the ball of a hydrogen, and the upward drift; his right hand on a large stone tied to the fall. Three minutes later to see if the gap between his hands, the greater the distance, then the implied stronger.

To know themselves, psychology, called the self-perception, is a personal understanding of their process. In this process, people are more vulnerable to outside information from the hint thus give rise to self-perception bias.

In daily life, a person is not at all times to reflect on their own, and not always put ourselves in the position of an outsider to observe their own. Because of this, everyone will be to understand their own information with the outside world. When individuals know themselves more vulnerable to outside information, suggesting, thus often do not correctly perceive their own.

Psychological research reveals that people are very easy to believe that a broad, general description of the personality of the special for him. Even if this description is empty, he still thought to represent the face of his own personality. A psychologist once over a period of general, almost apply to any person's words to determine the suitability of their own students as a result, the vast majority of students believe that this statement portraying himself was meticulous, accurate and extremely. The following passage is a psychologist to use materials, you think it is also suitable for you?

You need the people like and respect you. Do you have self-critical tendencies. You have a number of advantages can be your ability to not play out, but you also have some drawbacks, but you can generally overcome them. You have some difficulties with the opposite sex, despite the appearance looked very calmly, in fact, your inner anxiety. You sometimes suspect that what they decided or done is correct. Do you like life to change and aversion to being restricted. Your own independent thinking can be proud of, other people's recommendations, if there is no sufficient evidence to you not accept it. What do you think too frankly in front of others revealed that they are unwise. Sometimes you outgoing, friendly, good communication, and sometimes are introverted, cautious, silent. Some of your aspirations are often unrealistic.

This is in fact a set of heads who are in the right hat.

A Mingjiaoxiaoman? Barnum's famous acrobatics teacher in evaluating their own performances, said he is very popular reason why is because the program contains elements that everyone likes, so he makes "every minute there are people who cheated." People often believe that a broad, general description of a very accurately reveal the personality of its own characteristics, psychology, this tendency will be known as the "Barnum effect."

One psychologist to finish a group of people playing Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Checklist (MMPI), the results show two participants to determine which one was their own results. In fact, one is for participants of the results of their own, and the other one is the majority's answer average results. The participants went so far that the latter is more accurately expressed their own personality characteristics.

Barnum effect in life is widespread. Take fortune-telling, many people think that, after a fortune teller had consulted fortune-teller said, "very accurately." In fact, those who help a fortune itself vulnerable to suggest features. When people are depressed mood, frustrated when the sense of loss of control of life, so, a sense of security are also affected. An insecure person, psychological dependence has also been greatly enhanced by the usual implied stronger. Coupled with a fortune teller who are good at figuring out the inner feelings, a little can understand the feelings of help-seekers, seekers will immediately feel a kind of spiritual solace. Next, a fortune-teller to say in general, irrelevant if it will make supplicants convinced.



20, Peige effect

In some TV programs, it has been done the memory of the so-called exotic performances. Legislation are generally a blackboard on the stage, and then the audience and say some random words, numbers, program names, formulas, foreign words, etc., and sequential write on the blackboard. In this process, the performers do not look at the blackboard, but he was able to accurately according to the viewers speak out the contents of any one, and even the entire contents of Daobei out.

This show looks quite amazing, in fact, just used the Peige mnemonics, resulting in a "Peige effect of" work. This method does not actually difficult, it is create their own set of memory encoding, for example, ⑴ - hats, ⑵ - glasses, ⑶ - scarves, ⑷ - clothes, ⑸ - belt, ⑹ - pants ... ... and to skillfully write it down, and then think you want to connect the material in mind. For example ask you to keep in mind the words: ⑴ elephant, ⑵ cheer, ⑶ bath, ⑷ fans, ⑸ bike, ⑹ water ... ... so you can put an elephant and fixed-coded hats No. linked, Lenovo to the elephant nose wearing a hat. To remember the sixth word "water" when the association it with pants - the water to wet the pants.

Through such coding Lenovo, remember it will not be difficult. Because Lenovo, we have consciously think things zoom, image clarity and strange. For example, to remember the fourth word - fans and clothes, Lenovo took place, if the representation is a fan blowing the clothes is very general, but if the fans think of wearing a down jacket, very strange, and this make it easier to remember the objects.

Peige mnemonics fixed coding there are many, such as the various parts of the body according to its own upper and lower numbers, by the door to see what post-coded according to their own relatives and friends of the name and number and so on.

In the learning process of this method at our disposal, to prevent memory boring monotonous fun of it. Of course, this method of control will not happen overnight, it requires us to do regular exercise and as much as possible make their unusual eye-catching unusual association.



21, the migration effect

In the psychology of learning, the first follow-up study on the impact of learning known as the "migration effect." It has three kinds of effects by:

A first study to promote the follow-up to study the effect of B is called a positive effect; first to study A follow-up study of interference and prevented the effect of B is called a negative effect; first follow-up study A promotes learning without any effect on B, called the zero effect .

In everyday life and learning, pay attention to the conditions generated by the migration conditions can occur unnecessary migration phenomena, such as the Japanese driver was driving in the United States often have difficulty in even a car accident. This is mainly because in Japan, "a car left, man right", while in the United States has quite the opposite. Of course, if the use of a good effect on the migration may have the following results. For example, in golf, baseball players selected to allocate team members; so would surprise people to learn English, French, German, Spanish, generally will achieve more satisfactory results.



　　The revelation of this theory to the study are:

First, we must focus on the detection concepts, principles the same as in common.

The second is a summary of focus on learning methods, namely, in the learning process be careful to take those with the regularity of the ways and means to solve the problem.

Third, we must have accumulated extensive experience in all aspects of learning.

Fourth, we should pay attention to preventing the learning process, especially in solving problems arising in the course of the set.



22, the feedback effect

The following is a well-known feedback effects of the psychological experiment:

Henry put a class of students is divided into three groups, a day after the test to learn. The main test results of the first group to study every day, tell the students, the second group of students is just to tell them once a week, while the third group, then one is not to tell. Do so in 8 weeks of teaching. Then change their approach, the first group and third group reversed, and the second group the same, also carried out 8 weeks of teaching. Results In addition to the second group steadily forward, continue to have a normal schedule, the first group and third group of significant changes in the situation: the first group of academic gradual decline, while the third group was a sudden increase in performance. This shows that the time to know what their own learning outcomes of the study has a very important role in promoting. And is the immediate feedback when the feedback effect is far greater than that.

Psychologists Brown's experiments show that the feedback in different ways to promote the role of learning is not the same. In general, the active feedback from the students themselves superior to teacher feedback. This gives us inspiration is

First, in the learning process, we must be self-feedback in a timely manner, there is no purpose to avoid learning and do not know their own learning outcomes of the learning.

Second, attention to teacher assignments or papers made the comments, seriously sum up their own learning strengths and weaknesses exist, and thus a clear direction for their efforts.

Third, a correct attitude toward their own academic performance, to obtain high scores without pride, still insist on continuing their efforts; performance is unsatisfactory, do not lose confidence and determination to catch up.



23, Matthew

"Matthew Effect" is made by American scientists Robert Merton. He summed up as such a social phenomenon - the reputation of scientists for a considerable contribution to the honor given by more and more, while not yet well-known scientists who refuse to recognize their achievements.



24, a bucket effect

A wooden bucket capacity is determined by the shortest piece of wood, so a team, group, Liezhe great harm. This is often said that the "bucket effect."



　25, rose in effect

This is the meaning the opposite effect of breaking throw a positive effect: When a big frustration, frustrated people do not lose heart, but inspire change the status quo will strive forward to a quick and successful psychological effects, that is, rise effect.



26, sweets effect

I very much appreciate Sall obtained through experiments "candy effect" concept.

Sall is a group of 4-year-old said: "The table, put two of sugar, if you insist on 20 minutes, etc. After buying my stuff back, it will give you two of sugar. But if you can not wait that long , we can only get one, and now will be able to get one! "This four-year-old children, it is difficult choices - the child wants to get two of sugar, but do not want to boil for 20 minutes; and want to eat right away to the mouth and could only eat one.

Experimental results: 2 / 3 of children choose who would rather wait 20 minutes to get two of sugar. Of course, they are difficult to control their own desires, many children had; his eyes closed up Shadeng to guard against the temptation of sugar, or with both Baotou, do not look at sugar or singing and dancing. Some kids simply lie down and sleep - in order to get through 20 minutes! 1 / 3 of the children choose to eat a piece of candy now. Experimenter a go, a matter of seconds they take a piece of candy stuffed into his mouth.

After 12 years of follow-up, where the child survived 20 minutes (it is 16 years old), have a strong self-control, self-affirmation and confidence, problem solving skills strong, strong, happy to accept the challenge; who choose to eat a sugar child (also 16 years old), it was manifested as wavering, suspiciousness, jealousy, nervousness, good stir up trouble, self-willed, can not stand frustration, self-esteem, vulnerable.

This from a child's self-control, judgment, self-confidence of small experiments to predict the effects of personality that he grew up, is called candy effect.

Of course, this is only one of that Saleh had not pointed out that the real horse's sample size, how many subjects were children, their tutor status.

I think that the 4-year-old will not be the absolute nature of the test to determine his future personality, 4 a 16-year-old during the 12 years of environmental and education will play a greater role. Sale Ti out, but this effect is still quite new.



27, Ciganik effect

French psychologist Ciganik actually made a quite significant experiment: he will be volunteers were divided into two groups to enable them to complete 20 projects. In the meantime, a group of subjects Ciganik right to intervene so that they can not continue to work unable to complete the task, while another group was so that they can successfully complete all the work. Experiments different results. While all subjects were given the task of a state of tension when they appear, but the successful completion of those tasks, tensions disappear; while those who failed to complete the task, tensions continue to exist, their thoughts are always those who can not be completed work troubled psychological tensions difficult to disappear. This result of work pressure due to the psychological tension dubbed "Ciganik effect."

28, Hobson selection effects

1631, Cambridge, UK businessman Hobson stall horses, they can put a horse let out for customers to choose, but attached a condition be allowed to choose the horse nearest the door. Obviously, with this condition is equivalent to not allow the selection effect. There is no choice for this so-called "select" posterity teased as a "Hobson choice effect." Social psychologists point out: Who, if trapped in a "Hobson choice effect" dilemma, it is impossible for creative learning, life and work. The reason is very simple: good and evil, superiority and inferiority are created in contrast to selection, and only worked out a certain amount and quality of the programs compare options, will be possible to determine reasonable. If a judge can simply say "yes" or "no", then this can be considered to judge do? Many options are available only in contrast to the antipathy of the study and be able to proceed on the basis of their understanding of judgments can only be counted on the judge. Therefore, no choice is tantamount to stifling the creation of.



29, will be potential effect of

-Set is a fixed effects approach, such as the comedy "supporter" in Zhu Shimao said Peisi: "For you it looks like a look that is a negative role ... ..." and then said he: "Look, I wear these clothes , at least underground workers呀... ... "This is the set resulting from the effects of appearance. "The suspect stole Ax" is also this reason, it is based on logical reasoning methods to derive a fixed potential effects. In interpersonal exchanges to avoid the effect of the set, with the development of a dialectical vision to see people. For a made a mistake or not regarded as important for people who want to change other people's potential effects of setting, it is necessary for their success, or a good thing to make the appropriate publicity, in other people's minds change, fixed potential bad effects, the establishment of new, potential effects of a good set.

30, insatiable effect

U.S. social psychologist Friedman made an interesting experiment: he asked aides to visit a number of housewives, the request has been promised to the visitor a small sign hanging in the windows, they agreed. After a half a month, the experimenter door again, calling for a large sign placed in the courtyard, this brand is not only big, but is also very beautiful. Meanwhile, the experimenter also did not spare the small signs to former housewives made the same request. The results of the former, 55% of people agreed that, while the latter less than 17% of respondents agreed with the former three times higher than the latter. Later people put this kind of psychological phenomenon is called "insatiable effect."

31, broken window effect

In education has a very important learn. If a student is not doing well or there are some bad habits, give him labeled a "poor health" or "bad student" label, then the people will wear tinted glasses to see him, if he made a little mistake , they seized, am alleged, because as things break, let him to break some of it anyway, so-called "push everyone down the wall," said This is the meaning.

32, touching the psychological effects of

Psychologists Felder of premature children carried out every day to touch a 45-minute experiment. Is generally believed that premature children should live in a segregated, like womb-like environment, the pressure will only give them a sense of touch would impede their growth. However, he pairs of 20 premature children to do three times a day, each 15-minute soothing and powerful touch. 10 days to accept touching the baby has not been touched more than the average infant weight 47%, and the sensitive nature of sleep and also have greatly improved. To the first end 8, and their physical and intellectual has markedly improved. Most notably, to accept the baby to leave the incubators to touch the time on average than other babies for 6 days in advance. Felder said: "stroked can regularly stimulate growth hormone secretion, thus promoting digestion and absorption functions."

33, the authority of effect

American psychologist who has conducted an experiment: in to the Department of Psychology at a university students lectures to students from outside the school hired a German teacher, said that the German teachers are well-known chemicals from Germany家. Test this "chemist" enthusiastically arrange things and took out a bottle containing distilled water, saying it was his new-found a chemical substance, and some odor, invite all the students raise their hands when they smell the odor, the results of Most students raised their hands. For the distilled water had no odor, why do most students think scented and hand it?

This is because there is a widespread social and psychological phenomenon - "the authority of effect." The so-called "authority effect" refers to the speaker, if high status, prestige, respect by others, then the words easily lead to others, attention, and believe that its correctness, that is, "people dissatisfied with the light, people in your overly serious."

34, the marginal effect

Marginal effect was originally the concept of economics, meaning is the same as the value of what it needs to be met with the proportional, and this is a timely help icing on the cake is even more touching than the reason why the reason why.



35, projection effects

Refers to interpersonal contacts, knowledge of others who formed the impression that always assume that others and ourselves have the same tendency, that is, the characteristics of its own projection to other people. The so-called "a sinister heart of a gentleman's belly," reflected is a side effect of this projection.



The so-called transfinite effect is too much stimulation, too strong or the role of time is too long, which led to a very impatient, or antagonistic mental psychological phenomenon. Changes in health is not a once and for all backward, and backward students into the general has to go through wake up, change, repeatedly, consolidation, stable process, while the repetition is to transform the central part, there may even be repeated several times larger. This is because the quality of these students will not perfect, self-restraint, the ability is still relatively weak in the face repeatedly backward students, teachers should take special care must not be discouraged and give up his education, should be the spirit of perseverance, according to the different psychological characteristics of students, constantly adjust educational programs to health through the repeated backward pass, faster progress together. In this process, teachers should prevent the "unlimited" effect of the negative impact. Because some teachers are less advanced students repeatedly, will lose confidence in education, too much blame Underachievers, after criticizing the students may find it enough, repeat the criticism of backward students, followed by, or criticize the ... ... so again and again three repeating the same criticisms, so that students have a great impatience, dislike extremely. Teachers can not easily adopt a "turning the old accounts", "lifting the Lao Di" approach, then Chen millet Black sesame avoid turning a endless ways that will increase the burden of poor mental health, so that they have lost confidence in progress, and easy for teachers and students emotionally distant. Converse created the psychological, teachers up speaking the truth, or to do this and that they are often ignored. From a psychological point of view, for the first time Ai Piping, a student of psychology is not too tired, but in the second, often disgust degrees doubled, if again the third, fourth ... ... then the cumulative effect is critical even more tired of psychology would be to increase geometrically, and thus might evolve into the psychological resistance, even to out of hand